12 per cent (mostly in USA), and 3.Using statistics to show that hanging is a safer and more reliable mode of execution, it said that while the rate of botched up executions by lethal injection is 7.Between 2012 and 2015, it said, only three executions have been carried out and these convicts had committed heinous terrorist offences.Denying this, the Centre told the apex court on Tuesday that hanging is a “quick and certain” means to execute death penalty.A three-judge bench of Chief Justice Dipak Misra and Justices A.The Centre added that lethal injection, which is believed to be painless, has been contested on the ground that it leads to uncomfortable death, wherein the convict is unable to express his/her discomfort because of paralysis by the paralytic agent injected. Besides, it added, it would be difficult to find volunteers for the firing squad from the country’s civilian police force.If this provision is held unconstitutional by the court, then in the absence of an alternative mode of execution there would be a vacuum in law. Chandrachud had sought a response from the Centre on a PIL filed by advocate Rishi Malhotra who has challenged the constitutionality of the method of execution of death sentence in India, i.The petitioner sought to stop death by hanging, calling it a cruel form of death that inflicts pain, injury and violates the right to die with dignity.

As the apex court had already upheld Section 354 CrPC, which provides for hanging, no further interference is called for, the Centre said.On the Law Commission’s recommendations against death by hanging, the Centre said the government has not accepted this recommendation.M.Giving details of the horrors of death by firing squad, the Centre said that if shots fired miss the heart, the convict bleeds to death slowly. by hanging by neck till the prisoner is dead. Kanwilkar and D.12 per cent.The Centre submitted that the procedure by which a death sentence has to be executed depends on a variety of factors such as economic feasibility, availability of skilled and trained personnel, equipment and resources, rate of botched executions and is thus a matter of legislative policy that does not warrant interference of the court.Death by hanging, the Centre said, is not as “barbaric, inhuman and cruel” as an execution by firing squad or lethal injection, as the chances of accidents are minimal. This would enforce a moratorium on death sentences and, with several convicts on death row, it is highly undesirable, the Centre said and sought dismissal of the writ petition.

Further it noted that capital punishment is confined to a bare minimum, in the “rarest of the rare” cases, and there too a large number of death sentences are commuted to life.15 per cent in other ways of execution, in hanging it is 3.Y.New Delhi: The Centre on Tuesday informed the Supreme Court that “death by hanging” stands out as the most suitable mode of execution of death row convicts compared to lethal injection or shooting.e.He said execution, as contemplated under Section 354(5) CrPC, is not only barbaric, inhuman and cruel but also against the resolutions adopted by the United Nations Economic & Social Council (Eغير مجاز مي باشدOC) which had categorically resolved by way of safeguard that “where capital punishment occurs it shall be carried out so as to inflict minimum possible suffering”. It is “easy to assemble”, eliminates the possibility of “lingering death” as unconsciousness supervenes almost roots vacuum pump instantaneously after the process is set in motion and death follows.. It is also free from anything that would unnecessarily sharpen the poignancy of the prisoner’s apprehension, it said

A disposable surgical mask greatly reduces this distance to between 0.Padmanabha Prasanna Simha, from ISRO, and Prasanna Simha Mohan Rao, from the Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research in Karnataka, experimentally visualised the flow fields of coughs under various common mouth covering scenarios. The study found N95 masks to be the most effective at reducing the horizontal spread of a cough.1 and 0."If a person can reduce the extent of how much they contaminate the environment by mitigating the spread, it&Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Manufacturers39;s a far better situation for other healthy individuals who may enter places that have such contaminated areas," Simha said.An uncovered cough, in contrast, can travel up to three metres, but even a simple disposable mask can bring this all the way down to 0.It is to be noted that in July, the Centre had urged citizens to stop using a certain type of N95 mask that includes an exhalation valve, stating that it makes them unviable during a pandemic.By tracking the motion of a cough over successive images, the team estimated velocity and spread of the expelled droplets.

Rao and Simha noted that density and temperature are intricately related, and coughs tend to be warmer than their surrounding area. The found that unless covered by a sleeve, a bare arm cannot form the proper seal against the nose necessary to obstruct airflow..The researchers also contradict the generally accepted notion that using an elbow to cover up a cough is a good alternative. Instead, the government advised citizens to use home made or purchased fabric masks, preferably of cotton, to stay safe.25 metres, researchers said.5 and 1.The researchers noted that airborne transmission by respiratory aerosol droplets produced during coughing and sneezing are the dominant mode of spreading COVID-19.5 metres, they said.1 and 0.5 metres, they said.25 meters.N95 masks have the best effectiveness and completely contain the horizontal spread to between 0. They utilised a technique called schlieren imaging, which visualises changes in density, to capture pictures of voluntary coughs from five test subjects.

"In situations where sophisticated masks are not available, any mask is better than no mask at all for the general public in slowing the spread of infection," added Simha."Even if a mask does not filter out all the particles, if we can prevent clouds of such particles from traveling very far, it's better than not doing anything," said Simha.The study, published in the journal # Physics of Fluids, said that N95 masks reduced a cough's initial velocity by up to a factor of 10, and limit its spread to between 0.A group of researchers, including those from the Indian Space Research Organisation, have suggested that N95 masks may be the most effective at reducing the spread of COVID-19.Simha and Rao hope their findings will put to rest the argument that regular cloth masks are ineffective, but they emphasise that masks must continue to be used in conjunction with social distancing. "Adequate distancing is something that must not be ignored, since masks are not foolproof," Simha added. They have also argued that wearing an N-95 mask is better than wearing no mask